43. Swartz, T. A.,  Ben-Porath, E., Kanaaneh, L., Letiner, L., and Goldblum, N. Comparison of Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine and Oral Poliovirus Vaccine Program in Israel. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1984; 6,2: S556-S561.

This study examines the effectiveness of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) administered to young infants in Israel. The Paralytic poliomyelitis occurs in Israel either in sporadic form in urban areas or in small outbreaks in rural segments of Palestinian populations in Israel, despite high vaccination coverage.  Young infants not yet protected by poliovirus vaccine and children who have failed to seroconvert after a full course of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) are at high risk.  Under this study a new program was tested wherein a quadruple vaccine containing IPV and diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines (DTP) was given to young infants.  Two doses of IPV were administered to infants up to age three and one-half months followed by a booster at ten months.  The test yielded an antibody response of 100% seroconversion and high geometric mean titers of antibody to the three antigens.  This satisfactory response occurred early in life and persisted up to two years after the booster.  It was similar to the response observed after four doses of trivalent OPV (TOPV) followed by one dose of monovalent type 1 OPV.  Two doses of the quadruple vaccine induced an antibody response to pertussis antigen in 90% of the infants, and after the booster, a >99% conversion rate was recorded.  The results remained unchanged at the one-year follow-up.  The above data have led to the modification of the poliovirus vaccination schedule in the areas at risk.