11. Haj-Yahia,M., and Tamish,S. The Rates of Child Sexual Abuse and its Psychological Consequences as Revealed by a study Among Palestinian University Students. Child Abuse & Neglect 2001; 25,10: 1303-1327.

The study sought to examine the rates of sexual abuse in Palestinian society at three ages (12 years or less, 12–16 years, and 16 years) by three perpetrators (a family member, a relative, and a stranger), and to assess some psychological implications of sexual victimization. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 652 Palestinian undergraduate students from the Palestinian Authority. A revised version of Finkelhor’s scale was utilized to measure sexual abuse, and a revised and culturally adjusted version of Derogatis and Melisaratos’ Brief Symptoms Inventory was used to measure nine psychological symptoms. The rates of sexual abuse among Palestinian students fall within the range of the problem in many other societies. Similar rates of abuse were found among female and male students. Moreover, sexually abused participants expressed significantly higher levels of psychoticism, hostility, anxiety, somatization, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, depression, obsessive-compulsiveness, and psychological distress compared with their non-abused counterparts. Sexual abuse by different perpetrators at different ages significantly explained between 20.7% and 35.8% of the variance in these psychological symptoms.