6.  Baker, A. and Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N. Effects of Political and Military Traumas on Children: The Palestinian Case. Clinical Psychology Review 1999; 19, 8, 935–950.

 Social scientists have long recognized that individuals subjected to traumatic events associated with military and political conflict experience dire psychological consequences. The systematic study of this phenomenon, however, could be considered a nascent event. Research on the psychological sequel of traumatic events (traumatology) is well rooted in the recognition and development of posttraumatic stress disorder as a separate psychological disorder category. This article focuses on the psychological symptoms children display following their exposure to such traumatic events. Special emphasis will be placed on anxiety, phobic, psychosomatic, and depressive symptoms. More importantly, however, an examination will be made to ascertain which factors (e.g., psychosocial, cultural, and political) serve to shield (protect) or predispose (vulnerability) children to psychological dysfunction. Furthermore, the analyses presented will be gender specific. The article will attempt to delineate a paradigm that explains the relationship between trauma, culture, and personality. Although the article examines studies from various regions, specific emphasis is placed on the Palestinian experience.